Citing
How do I cite a YouTube video or a lecture?
The uploader is the author for video; the lecturer for a lecture. Add a timestamp for a specific moment, and check whether your lecture is even citable.
Read the guide20 guides
Questions students actually ask
Straight answers, with the sources named — and the tool that does the work at the end of each one.
Citing
- How to cite a YouTube video, lecture or podcast The formats most guides skip, and the one question that decides each of them: who is responsible for it?
- How to cite a source you found in another source Smith quotes Jones. You want Jones. You have not read Jones.
- APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard — which does your course want? They disagree about dates, capitals and where the author's initials go. Here is how to tell which one you are looking at.
- How to cite a website with no author or no date The rule is the same in every style: something moves up to fill the gap.
- How to avoid accidental plagiarism Almost nobody sets out to cheat. The common cases are procedural, and all four are preventable.
- Reference list, bibliography or works cited? Three names for lists that are not the same thing, and one question that settles which you need.
- How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools Two major styles, two completely different answers, and one question to settle first.
Grades
- How credit hours work, and why they matter more than you think The number nobody looks at, quietly deciding how much each grade counts.
- What grade do I need on my final exam? One formula, and an honest account of when the number it gives you is out of reach.
- What counts as a good GPA, honestly There is no single answer, and the sites that give you one are selling something.
- Weighted, unweighted and cumulative GPA Three different numbers, all called "your GPA", all calculated differently.
Writing
- Passive voice, and when it is right The advice to avoid it is nearly right, which is what makes it so unhelpful.
- Hedging: when to commit and when not to Cautious language is either scholarly precision or a failure of nerve, and the two look identical on the page.
- How long is a 2,000-word essay, really? Four pages, or eight, or five and a half. The honest answer is that it depends, and here is exactly what on.
- How to cut an essay that is over the word limit The instinct is to delete a paragraph. That is almost always the wrong cut.
- What readability scores actually measure Six formulas, two inputs, and one very large blind spot.
Studying
- Spaced repetition, explained properly Two separate findings, usually run together, and the one that matters most is not the spacing.
- How long can you actually concentrate? The widely quoted numbers have no source. What replaces them is more useful anyway.
- How to read a journal article without reading all of it Papers are not written to be read front to back, which is why reading them that way is so slow.
- The Pomodoro technique, and where it fails Twenty-five minutes is not a scientific finding. It is a kitchen timer that happened to be shaped like a tomato.